A factor that contributes to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is which of the following?

• A. Decreased estrogen levels
• B. Increased calcium absorption
• C. Increased osteoblast activity
• D. Elevated vitamin D

Answer: (A)

Estrogen helps keep bone density by inhibiting bone resorption. After menopause, estrogen levels drop, removing that protective effect and letting osteoclast activity increase. This shifts the balance of bone remodeling toward more breakdown than formation, leading to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis.

Calcium absorption increased would actually support bone health, not cause osteoporosis. Increased osteoblast activity builds bone, not degrades it. Elevated vitamin D improves calcium absorption and bone health, so it’s not a contributor to osteoporosis.