Uncorrected cryptorchidism is associated with which of the following outcomes?

• A. False
• B. Infertility only
• C. Increased cancer risk only
• D. Infertility and significantly increased risk of testicular cancer

Answer: (D)

Leaving an undescended testis untreated exposes the testicular tissue to higher body temperatures, which disrupts normal sperm production and can lead to infertility, especially if the condition is bilateral or persists for a long time. At the same time, the abnormal position increases the risk of germ cell tumors, raising the chance of testicular cancer. Because both problems can occur together, the option that includes infertility and a significantly increased risk of testicular cancer is the most accurate. The other choices fail because they mention only one outcome or none, whereas uncorrected cryptorchidism elevates both infertility risk and cancer risk.